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http://www.fabcats.org/fvf/gemfe/articulos/Peritonitis% 20infecciosa% 20felina% 20% 29.html 28PIF%
Friday, December 17, 2010
feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
Feline infectious peritonitis is a fatal disease of cats caused by feline coronavirus. The infection by feline coronavirus is very common in cats, but most of the time it causes more problems than mild self-limiting diarrhea. Rarely, the virus mutates (changes) within an infected cat and is the mutated form that causes the disease called FIP.
How cats are infected by a coronavirus?
The coronavirus is ubiquitous among cats, and a cat infected with the virus is very common in places where many animals live. It is estimated that between 25 and 40% of household pet cats are infected. The percentage of infected up to 80-100% of the cats that live in large groups in homes, shelters or farms. Transmission of the virus is fecal-oral route, ie, the coronavirus is eliminated via the faeces into the environment and cats become infected by ingesting when grooming or eating. Most infected cats excrete virus in faeces for a variable period and then stop doing it. The same can reinfect infected cat feces from another cat and start to excrete virus again. In other cases, cats shed the virus continuously.
Although the coronavirus is the cause of FIP infected with coronavirus strategy does not imply that the cat will develop FIP. Compared with the number of infected cats, cats with FIP are very few. It is only if the virus mutates when the cat will develop FIP.
Why the virus mutates?
What clinical signs presented the PIF?
The PIF has diverse clinical manifestations, so there are no associated clinical signs that are pathognomonic of the disease. The most classic form of the disease, called "Wet FIP \u200b\u200bis characterized by the accumulation of yellow fluid in the abdominal cavity (causing strain of it) and / or chest (pleural effusion, which results in breathing difficulties). However, the presence of this fluid is not exclusive diagnosis of FIP, in addition to a large number of FIP cases show no accumulation of fluid in cavities. The initial symptoms are nonspecific and vague, such as lethargy and loss of appetite. Some forms of disease present with inflammatory lesions in the eyes or nervous system, causing vision impairment and behavioral problems, trembling gait or tremors. The disease often progresses quickly and the outcome is fatal.
diagnosed How is FIP?
There is no specific diagnostic test for FIP. The affected tissue biopsies can confirm the diagnosis, but usually the cat is too sick to take a biopsy, so that this procedure is usually done only after the post mortem examination.
If there is some fluid in the pleural cavity, abdominal or both, one of the most useful test is the analysis of the fluid. If signs of fluid accumulation are not very clear, x-ray or ultrasound will be very useful for detecting small amounts of fluid in cavities. Furthermore, ultrasound-guided puncture can obtain a sample of the liquid. The fluid usually appearance (but not always) thick, straw colored, and the analysis we found a high protein and very few cells. The presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity confirmed the diagnosis PIF, as there are other feline diseases that may present with this clinical sign. However, if the fluid builds up in both abdominal and pleural cavity, the diagnosis of FIP is very likely. usual blood tests (hematology and biochemistry) are useful primarily to exclude other causes of disease, and secondly to detect changes that are consistent with the diagnosis of FIP. Most often in cases of FIP is that the number of a type of white blood cells (lymphocytes) is low, there is a moderate anemia, the levels of plasma proteins are high and sometimes the levels of bilirubin blood (a pigment from the red blood cell destruction) are high. All these findings are very nonspecific, and we will confirm a diagnosis of FIP, but may be helpful to suspect the presence of the disease. vacuna contra el PIF? El PIF es muy raro en gatos caseros. El riesgo de padecer PIF puede minimized if the cats come from neighborhoods where there are few individuals and if we maintain a stable group of few cats (less than five cats in one house). Other measures that help minimize the risk of disease is to avoid stressors, such as avoiding the house changes, control parasites or not vaccinating and neutering all the same day, especially if the cat is not well.
Many of these abnormalities may not appear in the early stages of the disease, but will become increasingly evident as the disease progresses. That is why some of these tests should be repeated later if you are normal at the beginning of the appearance of signs. cattery with endemic FIP
total eradication of coronavirus infection of breeding is extremely difficult because the virus is so ubiquitous, so this is an unfeasible solution in most hatchery. A more realistic approach would be to ensure that cats born in the hatchery are free of viruses, providing re-homing the kittens back in an environment free of coronavirus. If the pregnant females are isolated from one or two weeks before delivery and mothers with their pups are kept protected (at the same time are extreme hygiene measures to prevent environmental contamination kittens), a substantial number of these puppies Coronavirus will remain negative. After weaning, the mother may be separated from the puppies and they remain isolated until 12 or 16 weeks of age, which will have a simple test for antibodies to coronavirus. If negative, isolation will have succeeded. Sometimes it is easier to accept that there are endemic coronavirus infection and institute measures to try to minimize their impact. Whereas the major route of infection is fecal-virus, control measures would be most useful:
Provide at least one litter box per two cats, located in an area easy to clean / disinfect Trays should be separated from food and water bowls to prevent cross contamination. Cats should be kept in small stable groups of four or fewer individuals, and minimize the risk of cross contamination within the same household.
| feces should be removed from the trays at least once a day sand and completely changed as often as possible, coupled with the disinfection of the tray. | breeding programs with more than 8 or 10 cats (including kittens) should not be rushed into a house. Large groups of cats require specially designed facilities to provide hygienic conditions maintained and care. regular brushing hair, especially long-haired breeds, Behavior of infection by fecal debris and sand.
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We can recommend the separation of mothers and pups to control the spread of coronavirus kittens. 
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